Mabhureki mapedhi ndiwo anonyanya kukosha ekuchengetedza mabhureki system, ayo anoita basa rakasimba mumhando yebrake effect, uye yakanaka brake pad inodzivirira vanhu nemotokari (ndege).
Kutanga, kwakabva mabhureki pads
Muna 1897, HerbertFrood akagadzira mabhureki ekutanga (achishandisa shinda yedonje sekusimbisa fiber) uye akaashandisa mungoro dzinodhonzwa nemabhiza nemotokari dzekutanga, kubva pakavambwa Kambani ine mukurumbira pasi rose yeFerodo. Zvino muna 1909, kambani yakagadzira yekutanga pasi rose solidified asbestos-based brake pad; Muna 1968, nyika yekutanga semi-metal-based brake pads yakagadzirwa, uye kubva ipapo, zvinhu zvekukwesha zvakatanga kusimukira kuenda ku-asbestos-isina. Kumba nekune dzimwe nyika vakatanga kudzidza zvakasiyana-siyana zveasbestos zvinotsiva fiber sesimbi faibha, girazi faibha, aramid faibha, kabhoni faibha uye mamwe maapplication mune friction zvinhu.
Chechipiri, kupatsanurwa kwemabrake pads
Pane nzira mbiri huru dzekuisa mabhureki zvinhu. Imwe inoparadzaniswa nekushandiswa kwemasangano. Zvakadai semotokari mabhureki zvinhu, chitima mabhureki zvinhu uye avhiyesheni mabhureki zvinhu. Iyo yemhando nzira iri nyore uye iri nyore kunzwisisa. Imwe yakakamurwa zvichienderana nerudzi rwezvinhu. Iyi nzira yekuisa mumapoka ndeyesainzi. Zvishandiso zvemabhureki zvemazuva ano zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira zvikamu zvitatu zvinotevera: resin-based brake materials (asbestos brake materials, non-asbestos brake materials, paper based brake materials), poda metallurgy brake materials, carbon/carbon composite brake materials uye ceramic based brake materials.
Chechitatu, mota mabhureki zvinhu
1, mhando yemotokari mabhureki zvinhu zvinoenderana nekugadzira zvinhu zvakasiyana. Inogona kukamurwa kuita asbestos sheet, semi-metal sheet kana yakaderera simbi pepa, NAO (asibestos yemahara organic matter) sheet, kabhoni kabhoni sheet uye ceramic sheet.
1.1.Asbestos sheet
Kubva pakutanga, asbestos yakashandiswa sechinhu chekusimbisa mabhureki pads, nekuti asbestos faibha ine simba rakakura uye yakakwirira tembiricha kuramba, saka inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvebrake pads uye clutch discs uye gaskets. Iyi fiber ine simba rakasimba rekugadzirisa, inogona kunyange kufanana nesimbi yepamusoro, uye inogona kumira kutonhora kwakanyanya kwe 316 ° C. Uyezve, asbestos inenge yakachipa. Inotorwa kubva kune amphibole ore, iyo inowanikwa muhuwandu hwakawanda munyika dzakawanda. Asbestos friction materials inonyanya kushandisa asbestos fiber, iyo inonzi hydrated magnesium silicate (3MgO · 2SiO2 · 2H2O) sekusimbisa fiber. A filler yekugadzirisa friction properties inowedzerwa. Iyo organic matrix composite material inowanikwa nekutsikirira inonamira mune inopisa press mold.
Pamberi pema1970. Mapepa emhando yeasbestos anoshandiswa zvakanyanya munyika. Uye akatonga kwenguva refu. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekutadza kupisa kwekuita kweasbestos. Kupisa kwefriction hakugone kubviswa nekukurumidza. Zvinozoita kuti thermal decay layer ye friction surface iite gobvu. Wedzera kupfeka zvinhu. Panguva ino. Mvura yekristaro yeasbestos fiber inonaya pamusoro pe400 ℃. Iyo friction midziyo inodzikiswa zvakanyanya uye kupfeka kunowedzerwa zvakanyanya kana kwasvika 550 ℃ kana kupfuura. Mvura yekristaro yakarasika zvakanyanya. Kuwedzeredza kwarasika zvachose. Zvakanyanya kukosha. Zvinoratidzwa nemishonga. Asbestos chinhu chine kukuvadza kwakakomba kunhengo dzekufema dzemunhu. Chikunguru 1989. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) yakazivisa kuti yaizorambidza kupinza, kugadzira, uye kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvose zveasbestos panosvika 1997.
1.2, semi-simbi pepa
Irwo rudzi rutsva rwekukwenya zvinhu zvakagadziridzwa pahwaro hwe organic friction material uye yechinyakare poda metallurgy friction material. Inoshandisa simbi dzesimbi panzvimbo yeasbestos fibers. Iyo isiri-asbestos friction zvinhu zvakagadziriswa neAmerican Bendis Company mukutanga 1970s.
"Semi-metal" hybrid brake pads (Semi-met) inonyanya kugadzirwa nesimbi yakakasharara semvere inosimbisa uye yakakosha musanganiswa. Asbestos uye asiri-asbestos organic brake pads (NAO) anogona kusiyaniswa zviri nyore kubva pachitarisiko (fine fibers uye particles), uye ivo vanewo mamwe magineti maitiro.
Semi-metallic friction zvinhu zvine anotevera maitiro makuru:
(l) Yakagadzikana zvakanyanya pazasi peiyo coefficient yekukwesha. Haibudisi kuora kwekupisa. Kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekushisa;
(2) Kuramba kwakanaka kupfeka. Hupenyu hwesevhisi ndeye 3-5 nguva iyo yeasbestos friction materials;
(3) Kuita kwakanaka kwekukwesha pasi pemutoro wakakwira uye yakagadzikana friction coefficient;
(4) Good thermal conductivity. Tembiricha gradient idiki. Kunyanya yakakodzera kune madiki disc brake zvigadzirwa;
(5) Ruzha rudiki rwebhureki.
United States, Europe, Japan nedzimwe nyika dzakatanga kusimudzira kushandiswa kwenzvimbo huru kuma1960. Kupfeka kuramba kwehafu-simbi pepa inodarika 25% yakakwirira kupfuura iyo asbestos sheet. Parizvino, inobata chinzvimbo chepamusoro mumusika webhureki pad muChina. Uye mota zhinji dzeAmerica. Kunyanya mota uye vafambi uye mota dzinotakura zvinhu. Semi-metal brake lining yakaverengera kupfuura 80%.
Nekudaro, chigadzirwa chine zvakare zvinotevera zvikanganiso:
(l) Simbi yesimbi iri nyore kuita ngura, nyore kunamatira kana kukuvadza vaviri mushure mekuita ngura, uye kusimba kwechigadzirwa kunoderedzwa mushure mekuita ngura, uye kupfeka kunowedzera;
(2) High thermal conductivity, zviri nyore kuita kuti brake system ibudise gasi kuramba patembiricha yakakwira, zvichikonzera friction layer uye simbi yeplate detachment:
(3) Kuomarara kwakanyanya kunokuvadza zvinhu zviviri, zvichikonzera kutaura uye kudzika-frequency braking ruzha;
(4) High density.
Kunyangwe "semi-metal" isina zvikanganiso zvidiki, asi nekuda kwekugadzikana kwayo kwekugadzira, mutengo wakaderera, ichiri chinhu chinodiwa chemota mabhureki pads.
1.3. NAO firimu
Mukutanga kwema1980, kwaive nemhando dzakasiyana dze hybrid fiber yakasimbisa asbestos-isina mabhureki linings munyika, kureva, chizvarwa chechitatu cheasbestos-isina organic matter NAO type brake pads. Chinangwa chayo ndechekugadzirisa kukanganisa kwesimbi fiber imwe yakasimbiswa semi-metallic brake zvinhu, mafiber anoshandiswa ari plant fiber, aramong fiber, girazi fiber, ceramic fiber, carbon fiber, mineral fiber uye zvichingodaro. Nekuda kwekushandiswa kwemafiber akawanda, mafiber ari mubrake lining anopindirana mukuita, uye zviri nyore kugadzira iyo brake lining formula ine yakanakisa mashandiro anoita. Mukana mukuru weNAO pepa ndeyekuchengeta yakanaka braking mhedzisiro payakadzika kana yakakwirira tembiricha, kuderedza kupera, kuderedza ruzha, uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwesevhisi yebhureki disc, inomiririra yazvino yekusimudzira kutungamira kwezvinhu zvekukwenya. Iyo friction material inoshandiswa nemarudzi ese ane mukurumbira pasi rose eBenz/Philodo brake pads chizvarwa chechitatu NAO asbestos-isina organic material, inogona kubhureki zvakasununguka chero tembiricha, kuchengetedza hupenyu hwemutyairi, uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwebhureki. disc.
1.4, carbon carbon sheet
Carbon carbon composite friction material imhando yezvinhu zvine kabhoni fibre yakasimbiswa kabhoni matrix. Yayo frictional properties yakanakisa. Low density (simbi chete); High capacity level. Iine yakakwirira kwazvo kupisa kugona kupfuura upfu metallurgy zvinhu uye simbi; Kupisa kwakanyanya; Hapana deformation, adhesion phenomenon. Kushanda tembiricha kusvika 200 ℃; Kukakavadzana kwakanaka uye kupfeka kushanda. Hupenyu hurefu hwebasa. Iyo friction coefficient yakagadzikana uye ine mwero panguva yebhureki. Carbon-carbon composite sheets akatanga kushandiswa mundege dzemauto. Yakazogamuchirwa neFormula 1 mota dzemujaho, inova ndiyo yega kushandiswa kwekabhoni kabhoni mumotokari mabhureki pads.
Carbon carbon composite friction material chinhu chakakosha chine kugadzikana kwekupisa, kupfeka kuramba, magetsi conductivity, simba chairo, elasticity chaiyo uye humwe humwe hunhu. Nekudaro, kabhoni-kabhoni composite friction zvinhu zvakare zvine zvinotevera zvikanganiso: iyo friction coefficient haina kugadzikana. Inonyanya kukanganiswa nehunyoro;
Yakashata oxidation kuramba (yakanyanya oxidation inoitika pamusoro pe50 ° C mumhepo). Zvinodiwa zvakanyanya kune zvakatipoteredza (yakaoma, yakachena); Inodhura zvakanyanya. Iko kushandiswa kunogumira kuminda yakakosha. Ichi zvakare chikonzero chikuru nei kudzikisira kabhoni kabhoni zvinhu zvakaoma kusimudzira zvakanyanya.
1.5, zvimedu zveceramic
Sechigadzirwa chitsva mune friction zvinhu. Ceramic brake pads ine zvakanakira pasina ruzha, hapana madota anodonha, hapana ngura yevhiri hub, hupenyu hurefu hwebasa, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvichingodaro. Ceramic brake pads yakatanga kugadzirwa neJapan brake pad makambani muma1990s. Zvishoma nezvishoma iva mudiwa mutsva wemusika wemabhureki.
Iyo yakajairwa mumiriri weceramic based friction materials ndeye C/ C-sic composites, kureva, kabhoni faibha yakasimbisa silicon carbide matrix C/SiC macomposites. Vatsvagiri kubva kuYunivhesiti yeStuttgart neGerman Aerospace Research Institute vakadzidza mashandisirwo eC/ C-sic composites mumunda wekukweshana, uye vakagadzira C/ C-SIC mabhureki pads kuti ashandiswe mumotokari dzePorsche. Oak Ridge National Laboratory ine Honeywell Advnanced composites, HoneywellAireratf Lnading Systems, uye Honeywell CommercialVehicle masisitimu Kambani iyi iri kushanda pamwe chete kugadzira mabhureki anodhura akaderera eC/SiC kutsiva simbi yakakandwa nemabhureki esimbi anoshandiswa mumotokari dzinorema.
2, carbon ceramic composite brake pad zvakanakira:
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2, iyo brake friction coefficient ine yakanyanya kuwedzera, iyo brake reaction yekukurumidza inowedzerwa uye iyo brake attenuation yakaderedzwa;
3, iyo tensile elongation yekabhoni ceramic zvinhu inotangira pa 0.1% kusvika 0.3%, inova yakakosha kwazvo yezvinhu zveceramic;
4, iyo ceramic disc pedal inonzwa yakasununguka zvakanyanya, inogona kukurumidza kuburitsa iyo yakanyanya braking simba padanho rekutanga rekubhureki, saka hapana kana chikonzero chekuwedzera brake assist system, uye iyo yakazara braking inokurumidza uye ipfupi pane yechinyakare braking system. ;
5, kuitira kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya, kune ceramic kupisa insulation pakati pe brake piston uye brake liner;
6, ceramic brake disc ine kusimba kunoshamisa, kana kushandiswa kwakajairwa kuri kwehupenyu hwese kutsiva, uye yakajairwa simbi brake disc inowanzoshandiswa kwemakore mashoma kutsiva.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-08-2023